အဂၤလိပ္ Grammar သင္ခန္းစာ (၆)...

ဒီသင္ခန္းစာမွာေတာ့ မွားေလ့ မွားထရွိတဲ့ much, many, little, few, a lot, plenty တို႔ရဲ႕ အထားအသို အသံုးအႏံႈးေလးေတြကို ေျပာျပေပးသြားမယ္။ သူတို႔ အားလံုးရဲ႕ အဓိပၸာယ္ေတြကေတာ့ အေျမာက္အမ်ား လို႔ပဲ အဓိပၸာယ္ ရပါတယ္။

Much နဲ႔ little ကို uncountable nouns ေတြမွာပဲ သံုးပါတယ္။
ဥပမာ - much time, much luck, little energy, little money
Many နဲ႔ few ကိုေတာ့ plural nouns ေတြမွာ သံုးပါတယ္။
ဥပမာ - many friends, many people, few cars, few countries
A lot of, lots of , plenty of တို႔ကိုေတာ့ uncountable nouns နဲ႔ plutal nouns ေတြမွာ သံုးပါတယ္။
ဥပမာ - a lot of luck, lots of time, plenty of money, a lot of friends, lots of people, plenty of ideas
ဒီေနရာမွာ plenty of ဆိုတာက လံုေလာက္တာထက္ ပိုတာကို ဆိုလိုတယ္။ ဥပမာ စာေၾကာင္းတစ္ခုကို ၾကည့္ရေအာင္
- There’s no need to hurry. We’ve got plenty of time.
many နဲ႔ a lot of တို႔ကို သံုးထားပံုကိုလည္း ဆက္ၿပီး ၾကည့္ပါဦး။
- Many people drive too fast.
- A lot of people drive too fast.
- Do you know many people?
- Do you know a lot of people?
- There aren’t many tourists here.
- There aren’t a lot of tourists here.
many years, many weeks, many days ပံုစံကို သံုးလို႔ ရေပမဲ့ a lot of years, a lot of weeks, a lot of days ပံုစံကိုေတာ့ သံုးလို႔ မရပါဘူး။
ဥပမာ - We lived here for many years. ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ မွန္ပါတယ္။ a lot of years ကိုေတာ့ ေရးလို႔ မရပါဘူး။
အျငင္း သေဘာကို ေဆာင္တဲ့ negative ideas ေတြမွာ a မပါတဲ့ little, few တို႔ကို သံုးရပါတယ္။
- Gary is very busy with his job. He has little time for other there.
ဒီစာေၾကာင္းမွာ a little time ဆိုၿပီး မသံုးပါဘူး။
- Vicky doesn’t like living in London. She has few friends there.
ဒီစာေၾကာင္းမွာ a few friends ဆိုၿပီး သံုးလို႔ မရပါဘူး။
ေနာက္တစ္မ်ဳိး ေရးႏိုင္တာက very little နဲ႔ very few တို႔ပဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
- Gary has very little time for other things.
- Vicky has very few friends in London.
A little နဲ႔ a few မွာေတာ့ more positive meaning ပိုၿပီး အျပဳသေဘာ အဓိပၸာယ္ ေဆာင္တဲ့ ေနရာေတြမွာ သံုးပါတယ္။
- Let’s go and have a coffee. We have a little time before the train leaves.
ရထား မလာခင္ ေကာ္ဖီ ေသာက္ဖို႔ အခ်ိန္ပို ရွိေနေသးတယ္လို႔ ဆိုလိုတယ္။
- “Do you speak English?” “A little.”
လံုး၀ မေျပာႏိုင္တာမဟုတ္ဘူး။ အနည္းငယ္ေတာ့ ေျပာႏိုင္ေသးတယ္။
- I enjoy my life here. I have a few friends and we meet quite often.
သူငယ္ခ်င္း အမ်ားႀကီး မရွိေပမဲ့လည္း မၾကာခဏ ေတြ႕ဆံုဖို႔ သူငယ္ခ်င္း အနည္းငယ္ေတာ့ ရွိေနေသးတယ္ လို႔ ဆိုလိုတယ္။
- “When was the last time you saw Clare?” “A few days ago.”
လံုး၀ မေတြ႕ခဲ့တာ မဟုတ္ဘူး။ လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့ ရက္ အနည္းငယ္ကေတာ့ ေတြ႕ခဲ့ေသးတယ္ လို႔ ဆိုလိုတယ္။
က်န္တဲ့ ဥပမာ ေလးေတြကိုလည္း ဆက္ၿပီးေတာ့ ႏိႈင္းယွဥ္ၾကည့္ပါဦး။
- He spoke little English, so it was difficult to communicate with him.
- He spoke a little English, so we were able to communicate with him.
- She’s lucky. She has few problems.
- Things are not going so well for her. She has a few problems.
- Hurry! We only have a little time.
- The village was very small. There were only a few houses.

(မွတ္ခ်က္ - a few ရဲ႕ အေနာက္မွာ လိုက္ရမယ့္ noun ကေတာ့ plural nouns ကိုပဲ သံုးရပါမယ္။ ဥပမာ - a few houses, a few cars, a few problems…)

Posted by nyanadipa