The Six Councils
Three month after demise of Lord Buddha, in 543 B.C., the first great Samgha council was held at Rajagaha, the state capital of Magadha, modern Bihar of India. At this council the great disciple Mahakassapa presided over the 500 enlightened arahant monks. Upali recited the entire Vinaya, Ananda recited the entire Sutta, the eminent 3 disciples of Sariputtara recited the Abhidhamma. This council, all the disciplines of Lord Buddha decided unanimously to convene the Samgha council in order to preserve the purity of the teachings of the Buddha. They unanimously agreed that these were the pure original and real teachings of Lord Buddha. They neither substituted nor changed anything, they only maintained the Dhamma as the Buddha had taught. At this council all of the essential things were support by King Ajatasatthu of Magadha.
The second Buddhist Samgha council was held at Vesali, Bihar, India in 443 B.C. Seven hundred Mahatheras formed a committee and Venerable Yasa was elected president.The notorious ten points of controversy were presented one bye one in the full assembly of the council which decided unanimously all of them to be illegal and immoral. After the declaration of the unanimous verdict of the assembly, the seven hundred monks engaged in the recital of the Vinaya and the Dhamma in chorus.
The monks who could not subscribe to the orthodox views convened another rival council in which ten thousand protesting monks participated. It was a great congregation of monks and they are known as Mahasamgikas as distinguished from the orthodox elder Theravadins. Thus, occurred the first schism in the Samgha which accounted for the origin of two schools: the Theravada school and the Mahasamghika School. The Mahasamghikas were the earliest to secede and were the forerunners of Mahayana Buddhism.
Dhammarikkhita Tera presided over the forth Buddhist council which was held at Aloka Cave, in the village of Mtale, Sri Lanka Dipa, in 93 B.C. Five hundred Maha Theras participated and pious King, Vattagamani Abhaya, supported the council. At the end of the council, the canonical texts along with commentaries were inscribed on palm leaves.
The fifth Buddhist council was held in Mandalay, Myanmar, in 1871 A.D. or 2414 years after the Buddha, under the patronage of King Mindon. Jagara Maha Thera presided over the twenty-four hundred learned monks who participated at the council. After the recitation of Tipitaka, canonical texts in Pali, recording of the entire cannon in Myanmar Pali characters on seven hundred twenty nine marble slabs continued for five months. Recording and editing were very carefully supervised by the most learned Myanmar Mahathera and the finished slabs were sheltered in shrines at the foot of the Mandalay Hills. This collection is now standing as the largest library of its nature in the modern world and if each slab were put together back-to-back, it would be the world’s largest book.
The sixth Buddhist Samgha council was held in Yangon, Myanmar in 1954 by twenty-five hundred learned monks from the five Theravada countries of the world and headed by Revata Thera. Delegations from India, Ceylon, Nepal, Combodia, Thailand, Laos, Pakistan, Tibet, Korea, China, Japan and other Asian countries participated with high honor and due respect.
The non-aggressive practical ethical and psychological system taught by the Buddha is called the Dhamma. The Dhamma never demands blind faith from its followers and it never teaches dogmatic system of belief. It never urges superstitions rites and ritual ceremonies from its followers. However, the Dhamma declares its supreme means that guides its disciples through pure living and pure thinking to the attainment of real wisdom and deliverance form all evil and misery. Such kind of teaching expounded by the Buddha is called ‘The Dhamma’.
It is popularly known as Buddhism. The Buddha has passed a way, but the sublime Dhamma still exists in its pristine purity. Although the Buddha has left no written records or His teachings, His distinguished disciples preserved them by committing to memory and transmitting them orally from generation to generation. Immediately after the demise of the Buddha, five hundred great elder disciples held a convocation to rehearse the Buddha’s teaching originally as taught by the teacher. All of the Buddha teachings are divided into three division which are called three baskets. The Tipitaka was compiled and arranged in its present form by chief Enlightened Mahatheras.
Reference book: The Great Occasion Of The Buddha By Dr. A Shin Nyanissara (Sitagu)
The non-aggressive practical ethical and psychological system taught by the Buddha is called the Dhamma. The Dhamma never demands blind faith from its followers and it never teaches dogmatic system of belief. It never urges superstitions rites and ritual ceremonies from its followers. However, the Dhamma declares its supreme means that guides its disciples through pure living and pure thinking to the attainment of real wisdom and deliverance form all evil and misery. Such kind of teaching expounded by the Buddha is called ‘The Dhamma’.
It is popularly known as Buddhism. The Buddha has passed a way, but the sublime Dhamma still exists in its pristine purity. Although the Buddha has left no written records or His teachings, His distinguished disciples preserved them by committing to memory and transmitting them orally from generation to generation. Immediately after the demise of the Buddha, five hundred great elder disciples held a convocation to rehearse the Buddha’s teaching originally as taught by the teacher. All of the Buddha teachings are divided into three division which are called three baskets. The Tipitaka was compiled and arranged in its present form by chief Enlightened Mahatheras.
Reference book: The Great Occasion Of The Buddha By Dr. A Shin Nyanissara (Sitagu)
Tuesday, September 29, 2009
ရာဇၿဂိဳဟ္ အေငြ႕အသက္ကုိ ခုိလႈံ-ခံစားၾကည့္မိျခင္း
ရာဇၿဂိဳဟ္ အေငြ႕အသက္ကုိ
ခုိလႈံ-ခံစားၾကည့္မိျခင္း
ခုိလႈံ-ခံစားၾကည့္မိျခင္းတီခ်ယ္ ေဒၚေအးေအးသန္႔ - ထံ
တီခ်ယ္ ဥဳးဇင္း ေမးလ္လက္ခံရရွိပါတယ္။ တီခ်ယ္လည္း ျပန္ဖုိ႔ရာရက္နီးလာၿပီထင္တယ္။ ဒီစာေရးေနတဲ့ အခ်ိန္မွာပဲ တီခ်ယ္ရဲ႕ Home Stayေဆာင္းပါးေလးကုိ ဖတ္ၿပီးသြားပါၿပီ။
ေဆာင္းပါးေလး ဖတ္ရင္းနဲ႔ တစ္ခါတုန္းက ဥဳးဇင္းဖုန္းဆက္ေတာ့ တီခ်ယ္က မဆလာ မ်ားမ်ားနဲ႔ခ်က္ေလ့ရွိတဲ့ အိႏၵိယအစားအစာကုိ သူငယ္ခ်င္းေတြႏွင့္ ၾကဳံတဲ့အခါ ေခါင္းမေဖာ္ ေအာင္ေဖာ္ စားတတ္တယ္-လုိ႔ ေျပာဖူးတာသတိရၿပီး အိႏၵိယ အစားအစာ ခ်က္ေကၽြးလိုက္ရင္လည္း ၿပီးတာပါပဲေလလုိ႔ စိတ္ထဲက ေျပာေန မိပါေသးတယ္။
ဒါေပမယ့္ တီခ်ယ့္ ေဆာင္းပါးေလးရဲ႕ မထင္မွတ္တဲ့ တစ္ေနရာမွာ - ျမန္မာ အလွဴေတြ မွာေကၽြးတဲ့ ၾကက္သားနဲ႔ အာလူးပဲ လက္စြမ္းျပေတာ့မယ္- ဆုိတာ ေတြ႕ရေတာ့ လူမ်ိဳးေရးစိတ္ဓာတ္နဲ႔ ဘာသာေရးစိတ္ဓာတ္ႏွစ္ခု ယွဥ္တြဲ ဆက္စပ္ေနတာကုိ ျမင္ေယာင္ေနမိျပန္ပါတယ္။
တစ္ကယ္ေတာ့လည္း ျမတ္ဗုဒၶရဲ႕ လမ္းစဥ္ေအာက္မွာ ေလွ်ာက္လွမ္းႀကီးျပင္းခဲ့ရတဲ့ တပည့္သား ရဟန္းတစ္ပါးအေနနဲ႔ ဖ-ဘုရားရွင္ သက္ေတာ္ထင္ရွားရွိစဥ္က အျဖစ္ အပ်က္ေတြ အာ႐ုံထဲမွာ ေပၚလာပါတယ္ တီခ်ယ္။ ဥဳးဇင္းတုိ႔ နာလႏၵာတကၠသုိလ္မွာ ဥဳးဇင္းေနတဲ့ အေဆာင္ကေန လွမ္းၿပီးေတာ့ ၾကည့္လုိက္ရင္ ဟုိး … အေ၀းက မႈိင္းပ်ပ် တည္ရွိေနတဲ့ ဂိဇၥ်ကုဋ္ေတာင္တန္းႀကီးကုိ ျမင္ေနရပါတယ္။ အဲဒီဂိဇၥ်ကုဋ္ေတာင္အနီးက ရာဇၿဂိဳဟ္ၿမိဳ႕ရဲ႕ ၿမိဳ႕ဦးၿမိဳ႕ထိပ္မွာ ဗုဒၶျမတ္စြာသီတင္းသုံးေတာ္မူစဥ္မွာပဲ ရာဇၿဂိဳဟ္တုိင္း ျပည္ႀကီးကုိ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေန တဲ့ ဘုရင္ႀကီးက အမ်ားသိၾကတဲ့ ေသာတာပန္ရွင္ဘုရင္ႀကီး ဗိမၺိသာရမင္းျမတ္ပါ။
ေသာတာပန္ရွင္ဘုရင္ႀကီး အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္တဲ့တုိင္းႏုိင္ငံရဲ႕ အစြန္းအဖ်ားမွာ သူပုန္သူကန္ေဘး ေတြ ေတြ႕ၾကဳံလာေတာ့ ဗိမၼိသာရမင္းျမတ္က စစ္သူႀကီးေတြ၊ ၀န္ႀကီးေတြကုိ အစည္းအေ၀းေခၚယူၿပီး သူပုန္သူကန္ေဘးေတြ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းသြားေအာင္ စီမံေတာ္မူခဲ့ပါတယ္ တီခ်ယ္။ အဲဒီလုိနည္းနဲ႔ တုိင္းျပည္ကုိ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေတာ္မူတဲ့ ဗိမၺိသာရဘုရင္မင္းျမတ္ဟာ ေလာကုတၱရာ အဆင့္အတန္းနဲ႔ ၾကည့္ရင္လည္း အခုေခတ္ ဘယ္တုိင္းျပည္ရဲ႕ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြမွာမွ မရွိႏုိင္တဲ့ အရည္အခ်င္းျဖစ္တဲ့ ေသာတာပန္ - ဆုိတဲ့ ဂုဏ္ထူးကုိ ဆြတ္ခူးပုိင္ဆုိင္ထားသူ ဆုိတာကုိလည္း သတိထားေစလုိပါတယ္။ ေသာတာပန္ဘုရင္ရဲ႕ ကုိးကြယ္ခံဘာသာဟာ ဗုဒၶဘာသာျဖစ္သလုိ ဘာသာရဲ႕ေခါင္းေဆာင္ဟာလည္းျမတ္ဘုရားကုိယ္ေတာ္တုိင္ သက္ေတာ္ထင္ရွား ရွိေနတဲ့အခ်ိန္မွာပါ …. ဒီလုိအခ်ိန္ ဒီလုိအခါ ဒီလုိအေနအထားမ်ိဳး ေသာတာပန္ ဘုရင္လက္ထက္မွာပဲ စစ္တုိက္ခဲ့ရတဲ့ အျဖစ္အပ်က္ေတြ။ ကာက၀လႅိယလုိ သူခုိးကုိ တံက်င္လွ်ိဳထုိးၿပီး ေသမိန္႔ ေပးခဲ့ရတာေတြ။ အခါႀကီးရက္ႀကီးမွာ သားငါးေတြမသတ္ရဘူး-လုိ႔ဘုရင္က အမိန္႔ထုတ္တားေပမယ့္ အခါေလး ရက္ကေလးမွာေတာ့ သားငါးေတြ သတ္ေနၾကတာကုိ ဒကာျဖစ္တဲ့ ေသာတာပန္ရွင္ဘုရင္က မတားျမစ္ခဲ့သလုိပဲ ဆရာျဖစ္တဲ့ ျမတ္ဘုရား ကိုယ္ေတာ္ တုိင္လည္း ဗိမၺိသာရမင္းျမတ္ရဲ႕ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးစနစ္မွာ ၀င္ေရာက္စြက္ဖက္ ပိတ္ပင္မႈေတြ မျပဳလုပ္ခဲ့ပါဘူး တီခ်ယ္။
ဒီအေၾကာင္းအရာကုိ ဘာျဖစ္လုိ႔ ေျပာျပေနရတာလဲဆုိေတာ့ - The World Is Flat-ကမၻာျပားတဲ့(21)ရာစု ဒီကမၻာလူသားေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားက ဗုဒၶဘာသာဟာ ဘာမလုပ္ရဘူး။ ဘယ္လုိ ပိတ္ပင္တယ္။ ဘယ္လုိ တားျမစ္တယ္ - ဆုိတဲ့ အေၾကာင္းမဲ့ စြပ္စြဲခ်က္မ်ိဳးေတြကုိ ေတြ႕ရ၊ ျမင္ရ၊ ၾကားေနလုိ႔ပါ တီခ်ယ္။ အထက္ပါ ေဖာ္ျပမႈပါ သာသနာမွာဆရာျဖစ္တဲ့ ဗုဒၶျမတ္စြာကိုယ္ေတာင္တုိင္နဲ႔ တုိင္းျပည္အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္မႈမွာ အဓိကေနရာက ပါ၀င္ ေနတဲ့ ဗိမၺိသာရ ဘုရင္မင္းျမတ္တုိ႔ရဲ႕ ဆရာ/ဒကာ သာသနာ ျပဳခဲ့ပုံေတြကုိ သိနားလည္ႏုိင္ေစဖုိ႔ပါ တီခ်ယ္။
ေနာက္ၿပီး တီခ်ယ္ရဲ႕ ေဆာင္းပါးေတြကုိ ဖတ္လုိက္ရတုိင္း အမ်ိဳးသားေရးစိတ္ဓာတ္နဲ႔ ဘာသာေရးအေျခခံ အေတြးအေခၚေတြ၊ ယဥ္ေက်းမႈအေမြအႏွစ္ တန္ဖုိးထား မႈေတြ ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားကုိ ေတြ႕ထိခံစားရတာလည္း တစ္ေၾကာင္း၊ တစ္ခါ တီခ်ယ္ဟာ ကုိယ္သိသလုိ သူတစ္ပါးကုိ (အထူးသျဖင့္ လူငယ္ေတြကုိ) သိေစခ်င္၊ ျမင္ေစခ်င္၊ တက္ေစခ်င္၊ ရေစခ်င္တဲ့ဆႏၵမ်ားစြာဟာ - ဆရာေအာင္သင္း စကားလုံး ငွားသုံးရမယ္ ဆုိရင္ေတာ့ - မ်ိဳးဆက္သက္တုိ႔ တုိးတက္ရစ္ဖုိ႔ - လုိ႔ဆုိရင္ ဥဳးဇင္းအျမင္ မွားမယ္မထင္ပါဘူး။ ဒီလုိအေၾကာင္း မ်ားစြာရွိလုိ႔လည္း ဒီစာကုိေရးျဖစ္တာလည္းပါပါတယ္။
(မွတ္ခ်က္)တီခ်ယ့္ေဆာင္းပါးကုိ ဖတ္ၿပီးၿပီးခ်င္း ေရးလုိက္ရလို႔ အမွားမ်ားပါ သြားခဲ့ရင္ နားလည္းေပးပါရန္ ေဖာ္ျပအပ္ပါတယ္။
တီခ်ယ္တုိ႔မိသားစုႏွင့္တကြေသာAAT–မိသားစုအားလုံးကုိယ္က်မ္းမာ၊ စိတ္ခ်မ္းသာ လုိရာ ဆႏၵ ျပည့္၀ၾကေစလုိ႔ ဆုမြန္ဆႏၵ ျပဳလိုက္ရပါတယ္။
သတိတရ - ေမတၱာျဖင့္ …..
ဥဳးဇင္း (ေခတၱ - အိႏၵိယ)
ဥဳးဇင္း (ေခတၱ - အိႏၵိယ)
က်မ္းကုိး ….
ခုဒၵကနိပါတ၊ ဓမၼပဒ အ႒ကထာ
0 comments:
Post a Comment